New study by Fraunhofer ISI: What we should know about batteries for electric cars

23.05.2025

Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI

How environmentally friendly are electric cars really? What happens to their batteries after use? And what does the future of electromobility look like in Germany?

The new policy brief "Batteries for electric cars - fact check and need for action - an update" from the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI provides well-founded answers to these and other key questions.

In the comprehensive report, the researchers analyze the entire battery value chain - from raw materials to range and recycling to job development in the industry. The aim is to provide orientation with scientifically sound data - for politics, business and the general public.

Key findings from the policy brief:

• Market development: the share of e-cars in new registrations worldwide is just under 20% and could rise to over 50% by 2035. Germany recorded a short-term decline in 2024, but is on its way back to growth.
• Environmental footprint: electric cars already have a significantly better carbon footprint than combustion engines - on average, emissions can be reduced by 40 to 50%.
• Range: Modern e-models can easily reach over 400 km - sufficient for many users. However, longer ranges also mean higher costs and environmental impact.
• Cost-effectiveness: Thanks to low operating costs and falling vehicle prices, many e-cars are already cheaper than comparable combustion engines.
• Recycling: By 2035, recycled materials could cover up to 30% of the demand for important raw materials such as lithium or nickel.
• Fire hazard: E-cars do not burn more frequently than conventional vehicles - modern batteries are even considered safer.
• Labor market: While a decline is expected in traditional automotive industries, new jobs are being created in the electricity and charging infrastructure.

Prof. Dr. Martin Wietschel, Head of the Department of Energy Technologies and Energy Systems at Fraunhofer ISI, emphasizes:
"Electric cars are the most important drive technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions - and batteries are the key to this. Our policy brief creates a factual basis for discussion and decision-making."

The full policy brief is available online and is aimed equally at political decision-makers, experts and the interested public.