Sector coupling in the energy industry

The energy transition is progressing. While the priority was previously on the optimization of individual technologies, there is now a shift towards systems thinking: how do we bring the technologies together optimally?

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions

The primary goal of sector coupling is to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the expansion of renewable energies and sector coupling leads to a decentralization of the energy supply, which, in conjunction with the existing system, leads to greater security of supply.

As a result of the geographical conditions, there is a very large storage potential for power-to-gas (power-to-hydrogen, or power-to-methane). The gas can be stored in large quantities in salt caverns, which are often found in northern Germany, while at the same time a lot of energy is generated via wind power. In southern Germany, near-surface geothermal energy and deep geothermal energy have great potential to provide heat in large quantities. It is important that the technology is relatively space-saving, so that it can be used particularly well in densely populated areas. In addition, large parts of the heat generation potential arise as an intersection with population density. Geographical conditions have no influence on power-to-mobility. Gas grids and heat grids are well developed in Germany as part of the infrastructure, and the energy generated can thus be distributed well. However, the two are in competition with each other, as up to now either heat or gas pipelines have usually been laid. Depending on the infrastructure already in place, it makes sense to use one of the two. With the introduction of electric cars, not only must the charging infrastructure be created, but user behavior must also change.

Sector coupling requires rethinking

The feasibility of sector coupling is subject to many different influences, each favoring a different technology. Digitization can play an important role in connection with smart grids and the interconnection of sectors. Overall, there is no way around expanding and restructuring the existing energy system if the climate targets set are to be achieved.

Free study shows potential and opportunities

The aim of the study was to look at the German energy system beyond the individual generation and consumption sectors. For this purpose, it is necessary that sector coupling, i.e. the interconnection and linking of the individual sectors, takes place in a targeted and meaningful manner. The technical evaluation of sector coupling has been largely completed, which is why the study examined the external influences on the implementation of sector coupling. Particular attention was paid to geographical conditions, local infrastructure and feasibility. In addition, the CO ₂ savings potential was investigated based on the optimization of the existing energy system. For this purpose, published studies were evaluated and compared with the literature. The potentials and possibilities are estimated using sample calculations with known facts and figures.